[Jun-2026] Updated Lpi 010-160 Dumps – PDF & Online Engine
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The LPI 010-160 certification exam is ideal for those who want to start a career in the IT industry as a Linux system administrator or technician. It provides a solid foundation in Linux and prepares candidates for more advanced Linux certifications such as LPIC-1 and LPIC-2. Additionally, it is also suitable for individuals who want to learn Linux for personal use and to enhance their technical skills.
The LPI 010-160: Linux Essentials Certificate Exam, version 1.6 is an excellent certification exam for individuals who are interested in pursuing a career in Linux system administration. 010-160 exam tests candidates on their knowledge of Linux operating systems, open source applications, and the command line interface. It is recognized worldwide and is a great way for individuals to showcase their knowledge and skills in Linux administration. Linux Essentials Certificate Exam - version 1.6 certification can help individuals advance their careers or switch to a different career path.
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which of the following directories contains information, documentation and example configuration files for installed software packages?
- A. /var/info/
- B. /doc/
- C. /usr/share/doc/
- D. /usr/examples/
- E. /etc/defaults/
Answer: C
Explanation:
The /usr/share/doc/ directory is the standard location for documentation files for installed software packages on Linux systems12. It contains subdirectories for each package, which may include README files, manuals, license information, changelogs, examples, and other useful resources12. The /usr/share/doc/ directory is part of the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), which defines the structure and layout of files and directories on Linux and other Unix-like operating systems3.
The other options are incorrect because:
/etc/defaults/ is a directory that contains settings for userland applications or services/daemons4.
/var/info/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The /var/ directory is used for variable data files, such as logs, caches, spools, and temporary files3.
/doc/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The / directory is the root of the filesystem hierarchy and contains essential files and directories for booting, restoring, recovering, and/or repairing the system3.
/usr/examples/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The /usr/ directory is used for shareable, read-only data, such as binaries, libraries, documentation, and source code3.
Reference:
Linux configuration: Understanding *.d directories in /etc | Enable Sysadmin Configuration Files in Linux | Baeldung on Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard - Wikipedia Which of the Following Directories Contains Information, Documentation ...
NEW QUESTION # 32
A directory contains the following three files:
texts 1.txt
texts 2.txt
texts 3.csv
Which command copies the two files ending in .txt to the /tmp/ directory?
- A. cp ?.txt /tmp/
- B. cp. \.txt /tmp/
- C. cp *.txt /tmp/
- D. cp $?.txt /tmp/
- E. cp ??.txt /tmp/
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct command to copy the two files ending in .txt to the /tmp/ directory is cp *.txt /tmp/. This command uses the wildcard character * to match any number of characters before the .txt extension. Therefore, it will copy both texts 1.txt and texts 2.txt to the destination directory /tmp/. The other options are incorrect because they use different wildcard characters or syntax that do not match the desired files. For example, option A uses ?? to match exactly two characters before the .txt extension, but the files have a space and a number, which are not considered as one character. Option C uses a backslash \ to escape the dot . before the .txt extension, but this is unnecessary and will cause the command to fail. Option D uses ? to match exactly one character before the .txt extension, but the files have more than one character. Option E uses $? to match the exit status of the previous command before the .txt extension, but this is not relevant and will cause the command to fail123 Reference: 1: Linux wildcards | How do wildcards work in Linux with examples? - EDUCBA 2: Wildcards in Linux explained with 10 examples | FOSS Linux 3: What are wildcard characters in Linux? - Sage-Answers
NEW QUESTION # 33
Running the command rm Downloadsleads to the following error:
rm: cannot remove 'Downloads/': Is a directory
Which of the following commands can be used instead to remove Downloads, assuming Downloadsis empty? (Choose two.)
- A. rmdir Downloads
- B. dir -r Downloads
- C. undir Downloads
- D. rem Downloads
- E. rm -r Downloads
Answer: A,E
NEW QUESTION # 34
What is the purpose of the PATH environment variable?
- A. It indicates the location of the default shell to be used when a user logs in.
- B. It contains the absolute path to the current directory.
- C. It specifies the location of a user's home directory.
- D. It allows the execution of commands without the need to know the location of the executable.
- E. It increases security by preventing commands from running in certain locations.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The PATH environment variable is a special variable that contains a list of directories that the system searches when looking for a command to execute12. The purpose of the PATH variable is to make it easier and faster for users to run commands without having to type the full path to the executable file. For example, if you want to run the ls command, which is located in the /bin directory, you don't have to type /bin/ls every time. You can just type ls, and the system will find the executable file in the /bin directory, which is one of the directories in the PATH variable. The PATH variable can be viewed with the echo command12:
$ echo $PATH
The PATH variable can also be modified by adding or removing directories, either temporarily or permanently, depending on the user's needs12. For example, if you have a custom script or program in your home directory, and you want to run it from anywhere, you can add your home directory to the PATH variable with the export command12:
$ export PATH=$PATH:~/myprogram
This will append your home directory to the end of the PATH variable, and the system will search it last when looking for a command. To make this change permanent, you need to edit a configuration file, such as ~/.bashrc or ~/.profile, and add the export command there12.
Reference:
How To View and Update the Linux PATH Environment Variable | DigitalOcean Linux path environment variable - Linux command line - LinuxConfig.org
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which of the following keys can be pressed to exit less?
- A. q
- B. e
- C. 0
- D. !
- E. x
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 36
The current directory contains the following file:
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 859688 Feb 7 08:15 test.sh
Given that the file is a valid shell script, how can this script be executed? (Choose two correct answers.)
- A. cmd ./test.sh
- B. ${test.sh}
- C. ./test.sh
- D. bash test.sh
- E. run test.sh
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Explanation
A shell script is a file that contains a series of commands that can be executed by a shell interpreter. To execute a shell script, there are two main methods:
* Method 1: Specify the path to the script file. This method requires that the script file has the execute permission, which can be granted by using the chmod command. The script file also needs to have a shebang line at the beginning, which indicates which interpreter to use for the script. For example, #!/bin/bash means to use the bash interpreter. To execute the script using this method, you can type the absolute path or the relative path to the script file. If you are in the same directory as the script file, you can use the ./ prefix to indicate the current directory. For example,
./test.sh will execute the test.sh script in the current directory.
* Method 2: Pass the script file as an argument to the interpreter. This method does not require the execute permission or the shebang line for the script file. You can simply use the name of the interpreter followed by the script file name as an argument. For example, bash test.sh will execute the test.sh script using the bash interpreter.
Therefore, the correct answers are D and E. A. run test.sh is incorrect because run is not a valid command in Linux. B. ${test.sh} is incorrect because this syntax is used for variable expansion, not for executing a script. C. cmd ./test.sh is incorrect because cmd is not a valid command in Linux. References:
* Linux Essentials Topic 105: The Power of the Command Line, section 105.3: Basic shell scripting.
* How to Run a Shell Script in Linux [Essentials Explained] - It's FOSS
* How To Execute a Command with a Shell Script in Linux | DigitalOcean
* How To Run the .sh File Shell Script In Linux / UNIX
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which of the following directories must be mounted with read and write access if it resides on its own dedicated file system?
- A. /opt
- B. /usr
- C. /var
- D. /etc
- E. /lib
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which of the following commands sets the variable USERNAME to the value bob?
- A. var USERNAME=bob
- B. set USERNAME bob
- C. USERNAME=bob
- D. $USERNAME==bob
- E. USERNAME<=bob
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct command to set the variable USERNAME to the value bob is USERNAME=bob. This command assigns the string bob to the variable name USERNAME, using the equal sign (=) as the assignment operator. There is no space around the equal sign, and the variable name and value are case-sensitive. This command sets a shell variable, which is only valid in the current shell session. To make the variable an environment variable, which can be inherited by child processes and subshells, you need to use the export command, such as export USERNAME=bob. The other commands are not valid for setting variables in Linux. The set command is used to set or unset shell options and positional parameters, not variables. The $ sign is used to reference the value of a variable, not to assign it. The == sign is used for comparison, not assignment. The var keyword is not used in Linux, but in some other programming languages. The <= sign is used for redirection, not assignment. Reference:
Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
How to Set and List Environment Variables in Linux | Linuxize
NEW QUESTION # 39
Members of a team already have experience using Red Hat Enterprise Linux. For a small hobby project, the team wants to set up a Linux server without paying for a subscription. Which of the following Linux distributions allows the team members to apply as much of their Red Hat Enterprise Linux knowledge as possible?
- A. Raspbian
- B. CentOS
- C. Ubuntu Linux LTS
- D. Debian GNU/Linux
- E. openSUSE
Answer: B
Explanation:
CentOS is a Linux distribution that is based on the source code of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). It is a free and open-source community-supported OS that provides an enterprise-level computing platform. CentOS is fully compatible with RHEL and can run the same applications and packages. Therefore, CentOS allows the team members to apply as much of their Red Hat Enterprise Linux knowledge as possible for their hobby project. Reference:
Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives1, Topic 1.1: Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems, Subtopic: Linux Distributions Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Preparation Guide2, Section 1.1: Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems, Page 7 CentOS Website3, About CentOS Linux Red Hat Enterprise Linux derivatives - Wikipedia4
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which of the following directories contains information, documentation and example configuration files for installed software packages?
- A. /var/info/
- B. /doc/
- C. /usr/share/doc/
- D. /usr/examples/
- E. /etc/defaults/
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The /usr/share/doc/ directory is the standard location for documentation files for installed software packages on Linux systems12. It contains subdirectories for each package, which may include README files, manuals, license information, changelogs, examples, and other useful resources12. The
/usr/share/doc/ directory is part of the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), which defines the structure and layout of files and directories on Linux and other Unix-like operating systems3.
The other options are incorrect because:
* /etc/defaults/ is a directory that contains settings for userland applications or services/daemons4.
* /var/info/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The /var/ directory is used for variable data files, such as logs, caches, spools, and temporary files3.
* /doc/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The / directory is the root of the filesystem hierarchy and contains essential files and directories for booting, restoring, recovering, and/or repairing the system3.
* /usr/examples/ is not a standard directory on Linux systems. The /usr/ directory is used for shareable, read-only data, such as binaries, libraries, documentation, and source code3.
References:
* Linux configuration: Understanding *.d directories in /etc | Enable Sysadmin
* Configuration Files in Linux | Baeldung on Linux
* Filesystem Hierarchy Standard - Wikipedia
* Which of the Following Directories Contains Information, Documentation ...
NEW QUESTION # 41
Which of the following commands creates an archive filework.tarfrom the contents of the directory./ work/?
- A. tar -create work.tgz -content ./work/
- B. tar -cf work.tar ./work/
- C. tar work > work.tar
- D. tar --new work.tar ./work/
- E. tar work.tar < ./work/
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The tar command in Linux is used to create, extract, list, and manipulate archive files1. The -c option tells the command to create a new archive file. The -f option specifies the name of the archive file. The last argument is the name of the directory or file to be archived. Therefore, the command tar -cf work.tar ./work/ will create an archive file named work.tar from the contents of the directory ./work/. The other options are either invalid or do not create the desired archive file. Option A uses an unrecognized option --new. Option C uses an incorrect option --content and an incorrect extension .tgz for a plain tar archive. Option D and E use an incorrect syntax for redirecting the input or output of the tar command. References:
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives, Topic 1.4: Command Line Basics, Subtopic: Basic Shell Commands
* Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Preparation Guide, Section 1.4: Command Line Basics, Page 16
* Tar Command in Linux (Create and Extract Archives) | Linuxize2
NEW QUESTION # 42
A new server needs to be installed to host services for a period of several years. Throughout this time, the server should receive important security updates from its Linux distribution.
Which of the following Linux distributions meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
- A. Debian GNU/Linux Unstable
- B. Red Hat Enterprise Linux
- C. Ubuntu Linux LTS
- D. Ubuntu Linux non-LTS
- E. Fedora Linux
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Ubuntu Linux LTS and Red Hat Enterprise Linux are two Linux distributions that meet the requirements of hosting services for a period of several years and receiving important security updates from their Linux distribution. LTS stands for Long Term Support, which means that these versions of Ubuntu Linux are supported by Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu, for five years with security patches, bug fixes, and software updates1. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is a commercial Linux distribution that offers a stable and secure platform for enterprise applications, with a 10-year life cycle and regular security updates from Red Hat, the company behind RHEL2. Fedora Linux, Debian GNU/Linux Unstable, and Ubuntu Linux non-LTS are not suitable for the requirements, because they have shorter support cycles and are more focused on providing the latest features and software versions, rather than stability and security. Fedora Linux releases a new version every six months and each version is supported for 13 months3. Debian GNU/Linux Unstable is the development branch of Debian, which is constantly updated with new packages and changes, but is not intended for production use4. Ubuntu Linux non-LTS releases a new version every six months and each version is supported for nine months1. Reference:
Ubuntu release cycle | Ubuntu
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Life Cycle - Red Hat Customer Portal
Fedora Release Life Cycle - Fedora Project Wiki
Debian Unstable - Debian Wiki
NEW QUESTION # 43
Which permissions are set on a regular file once thepermissions have been modified with the command chmod 654 file.txt?
- A. -rw-r-xr--
- B. -wxr-x--x
- C. drw-r-xr--
- D. -rwxrw---x
- E. d-wxr-x--
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 44
A directory contains the following three files:
texts 1.txt
texts 2.txt
texts 3.csv
Which command copies the two files ending in.txtto the/tmp/directory?
- A. cp.\.txt /tmp/
- B. cp ?.txt /tmp/
- C. cp *.txt /tmp/
- D. cp $?.txt /tmp/
- E. cp ??.txt /tmp/
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which files are the source of the information in the following output? (Choose two.) uid=1000 (bob) gid=1000 (bob) groups=1000 (bob), 10 (wheel), 150 (docker), 1001 (libvirt) (wireshark), 989
- A. /etc/id
- B. /home/index
- C. /etc/group
- D. /var/db/users
- E. /etc/passwd
Answer: C,E
Explanation:
The files /etc/passwd and /etc/group are the source of the information in the following output:
uid=1000 (bob) gid=1000 (bob) groups=1000 (bob), 10 (wheel), 150 (docker), 1001 (libvirt) (wireshark), 989 The /etc/passwd file contains information about user accounts, such as the username, password, user ID (UID), group ID (GID), full name, home directory, and login shell1. The /etc/group file contains information about groups, such as the group name, password, group ID (GID), and members2.
The output shows the UID, GID, and group membership of the user bob. The UID and GID of bob are 1000, which can be found in the /etc/passwd file. The groups that bob belongs to are bob, wheel, docker, libvirt, wireshark, and 989, which can be found in the /etc/group file. The group names are shown in parentheses after the GID, except for the last group, which has no name.
The other options are not files that store user and group information in Linux. The /etc/id file does not exist by default. The /home/index file is not a standard file and has no relation to user and group information. The /var/db/users file is not a standard file and has no relation to user and group information. Reference:
Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 103.1, Weight 2
Linux Essentials Certification Guide, Chapter 3, Page 51-52
Linux Filesystem Hierarchy, Chapter 3, Page 17-18
Linux Users and Groups, Chapter 2, Page 9-10
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which of the following commands adds the directory/new/dir/to thePATHenvironment variable?
- A. export PATH=/new/dir: PATH
- B. export PATH=/new/dir: $PATH
- C. $PATH=/new/dir: $PATH
- D. export $PATH=/new/dir: $PATH
- E. PATH=/new/dir: PATH
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The PATH environment variable is a colon-separated list of directories that the shell searches for commands.
To add a new directory to the PATH, you need to append it to the existing value of the variable, using the syntax PATH=new/dir:PATH. However, this only changes the PATH for the current shell session. To make the change permanent, you need to use the export command, which makes the variable available to all child processes of the shell. The export command takes the name of the variable as an argument, without the dollar sign ($). Therefore, the correct command to add /new/dir/ to the PATH and export it is export PATH=/new/dir:PATH. References:
* Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
* How to set the path and environment variables in Windows - Computer Hope
NEW QUESTION # 47
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